Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland     

C. Albrecht  A. Hanssen-Doose  K. Bös  L. Schlenker  S. Schmidt  M. Wagner  N. Will  A. Worth 《Sportwissenschaft》2016,46(4):294-304

Motor performance is an important health resource. Review articles revealed a decline of motor performance of approximately 10?% between 1975 and 2006. In the past most of the data available for such comparisons came from ad hoc studies with non-standardized methods. Within the framework of the ”Motorik-Modul“ (MoMo) study as part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), it is possible for the first time to directly compare two cohorts in the ages of 4–17 years in a nationally representative database for Germany. The aim of this article is to report changes in motor performance of children and adolescents in the time period 2003–2006 (cohort baseline n = 4528) compared to 2009–2012 (cohort wave 1, n = 2820). Overall, it is clearly shown that the motor performance of children and adolescents in Germany did not decrease within the observational period of 6 years. The comparison of mean values of the baseline cohort compared to those of wave 1 showed that 28 out of 52 mean values of the two cohorts with a high probability did not differ based on 95?% confidence intervals (CI). In 24 out of the 52 mean values positive changes could be noted based on the individual 95?% CI values. There were more positive changes in primary school aged children than in other age groups. Within these positive changes, most effect sizes were small to medium. The results indicate that recent activities aiming at elevating motor performance levels may have started to make an impact and should be expanded, also in secondary schools. The comparative cohort study presented in this article is currently being checked by the ongoing MoMo wave 2 survey of 2014–2017.  相似文献   

Perceived health problems in swimmers according to the chemical treatment of water in swimming pools     

Álvaro Fernández-Luna  Pablo Burillo  José Luis Felipe  Julio del Corral  Jorge García-Unanue  Leonor Gallardo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):256-265

The objective of this study was to determine which chemical treatment used for disinfecting water in indoor swimming pools had the least impact on users' perceptions of health problems, and which generated the greatest satisfaction with the quality of the water. A survey on satisfaction and perceived health problems was given to 1001 users at 20 indoor swimming pools which used different water treatment methods [chlorine, bromine, ozone, ultraviolet lamps (UV) and salt electrolysis]. The findings suggest that there is a greater probability of perceived health problems, such as eye and skin irritation, respiratory problems and skin dryness, in swimming pools treated with chlorine than in swimming pools using other chemical treatment methods. Pools treated with bromine have similar, although slightly better, results. Other factors, such as age, gender, time of day of use (morning and afternoon) and type of user (competitive and recreational), can also affect the probability of suffering health problems. For all of the above, using combined treatment methods as ozone and UV, or salt electrolysis produces a lower probability of perceived health problems and greater satisfaction.  相似文献   

Momentum sequence and environmental climate influence levels of perceived psychological momentum within a sport competition     

Walid Briki  Keith D. Markman  Guillaume Coudevylle  Stéphane Sinnapah  Olivier Hue 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(3):350-357

The present study examined the influence of momentum sequence (positive vs. negative) and environmental climate (hot–wet vs. neutral) on supporters’ (i.e. virtual observers’) reported levels of perceived psychological momentum (PM) during a simulated cycling competition. Participants supported one of two competing cyclists involved in a race that was displayed on a screen in a lecture hall. The race scenario was manipulated so that the supported cyclist appeared to undergo either a positive or negative momentum sequence. In addition, participants were either exposed to a hot–wet environmental climate or to a neutral environmental climate while observing the race scenario. According to the results, reported levels of PM were higher in the positive momentum sequence condition than in the negative momentum sequence condition, consistent with the notion that supporters’ PM is influenced by a positivity bias, and reported levels of PM were also found to be higher in the hot–wet climate condition than in the neutral climate condition, consistent with the notion that environmental climate is a contextual factor that influences PM through the operation of a causal augmenting mechanism.  相似文献   

The influence of shoe drop on the kinematics and kinetics of children tennis players     

Alexis Herbaut  Pascale Chavet  Maxime Roux  Nils Guéguen  Christophe Gillet  Franck Barbier 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1121-1129

This study investigated the immediate effects of reducing the shoe drop (i.e. the difference between the heel and the forefoot height) on the kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities of children tennis players performing a tennis-specific movement. Thirteen children tennis players performed a series of simulated open stance forehands wearing 3 pairs of shoes differing only in the drop: 0 (D0), 6 (D6) and the control condition of 12?mm (D12). Two embedded forceplates and a motion capture system were used to analyse the ground reaction forces and ankle and knee joint angles and moments of the leading lower limb. In D6 compared with D12, the peak impact force was reduced by 24% (p?=?.004) and the ankle was less dorsiflexed at foot strike (p?=?.037). In D0 compared with D12, the peak impact force was reduced by 17% (p?=?.049), the ankle was less dorsiflexed at foot strike (p?=?.045) and the knee was more flexed at foot strike (p?=?.007). In addition, 4 out of 13 participants (31%) presented a forefoot strike pattern for some of the trials in D0. No difference was observed across shoe conditions for the peak knee extensor moment (p?=?.658) or the peak ankle plantarflexor moment (p?=?.071). The results provide preliminary data supporting the hypothesis that for children tennis players, using a 6-mm lower shoe drop might reduce heel impact forces and thus limit potentially impact-related injuries.  相似文献   

Many choices,one destination: multimodal university brand construction in an urban public transportation system     

Gerardo Blanco Ramírez 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(2):186-204

Amidst global competition in higher education, colleges and universities adopt strategies that mimic and adapt business practices. Branding is now a widespread practice in higher education; multimodal advertisement is a manifestation of emerging branding strategies for universities. While the visibility of brands in higher education has grown substantially in recent years, its empirical study has lagged. This article reports on the findings from a study that employed social semiotic and multimodal analysis to explore text and visual rhetoric as brand construction strategies in publicly displayed university advertisements. After analyzing photographs representing advertising campaigns from 16 different universities displayed in an urban public transportation system, I suggest that universities construct their brand identity through messages that emphasize multiple choices and convenience, but construct success primarily according to corporate standards and values.  相似文献   

Enhanced reality     

Goéry Delacôte 《Prospects》1997,27(2):265-274

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An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children   总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36  

Cynthia García Coll  Keith Crnic  Gontran Lamberty  Barbara Hanna Wasik  Renee Jenkins  Heidie Vázquez García  Harriet Pipes McAdoo 《Child development》1996,67(5):1891-1914

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Art,Culture and Citizenship in Social Projects in Brazil     

Santo  Denise Espírito 《Prospects》2002,32(4)

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José Pedro Varela     

Marta Demarchi  Hugo Rodríguez 《Prospects》1994,24(3-4):703-718

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To answer questions from text,one has to understand what the question is asking: differential effects of question aids as a function of comprehension skill     

Cerdán  R.  Pérez  A.  Vidal-Abarca  E.  Rouet  J. F. 《Reading and writing》2019,32(8):2111-2124

Reading and Writing - The present study investigates the effectiveness of question paraphrases in supporting students’ understanding of a specific task. Secondary school students (i.e.,...  相似文献